Search results for "language theory"

Brain lateralization of metrical accenting in musicians.

2009

The perception of meter, or the alternation of strong and weak beats, was assessed in musically trained listeners through magnetoencephalography. Metrical accents were examined with no temporal disruption of the serial grouping of tones. Results showed an effect of metrical processing among identical standard tones in the left hemisphere, with larger responses on strong than on weak beats. Moreover, processing of occasional increases in intensity (phenomenal accents) varied as a function of metrical position in the left hemisphere, but not in the right. Our findings support the view of a relatively early, left-hemispheric effect of metrical processing in musicians.

Concept Analysis in Programming Language Research : Done Well It Is All Right

2017

Programming language research is becoming method conscious. Rigorous mathematical or empirical evaluation is often demanded, which is a good thing. However, I argue in this essay that concept analysis is a legitimate research approach in programming languages, with important limitations. It can be used to sharpen vague concepts, and to expose distinctions that have previously been overlooked, but it does not demonstrate the superiority of one language design over another. Arguments and counter-arguments are essential to successful concept analysis, and such thoughtful conversations should be published more. peerReviewed

Ordering and Convex Polyominoes

2005

We introduce a partial order on pictures (matrices), denoted by ≼ that extends to two dimensions the subword ordering on words. We investigate properties of special families of discrete sets (corresponding to {0,1}-matrices) with respect to this partial order. In particular we consider the families of polyominoes and convex polyominoes and the family, recently introduced by the authors, of L-convex polyominoes. In the first part of the paper we study the closure properties of such families with respect to the order. In particular we obtain a new characterization of L-convex polyominoes: a discrete set P is a L-convex polyomino if and only if all the elements Q≼P are polyominoes. In the seco…

The monadic quantifier alternation hierarchy over grids and pictures

1998

The subject of this paper is the expressive power of monadic second-order logic over two-dimensional grids. We give a new, self-contained game-theoretical proof of the nonexpressibility results of Matz and Thomas. As we show, this implies the strictness of the monadic second-order quantifier alternation hierarchy over grids.

K-12 game programming course concept using textual programming

2011

Several programming environments have been constructed to facilitate novice programming at K-12 and CS0/CS1 levels. The environments can be roughly divided into those using visual or textual programming. This paper presents a K-12 game programming course concept based on textual programming. The concept is based on an easy-to-use C# library, called Jypeli, built on top of Microsoft XNA Framework. The library tries to maintain advantages of visual programming and avoid challenges of textual programming. In particular, the library helps beginners to program their first games in a short period of time and without a heavy syntactic load. The course concept and an initial evaluation consisting o…

Graph-grammar semantics of a higher-order programming language for distributed systems

1994

We will consider a new tiny, yet powerful, programming language for distributed systems, called DHOP, which has its operational semantics given as algebraic graph rewrite rules in a certain category of labeled graphs. Our approach allows to separate actions which affect several processes from local changes such as variable bindings. We also sketch how to derive an implementation from this specification.

Field-free two-direction alignment alternation of linear molecules by elliptic laser pulses

2005

We show that a linear molecule subjected to a short specific elliptically polarized laser field yields postpulse revivals exhibiting alignment alternatively located along the orthogonal axis and the major axis of the ellipse. The effect is experimentally demonstrated by measuring the optical Kerr effect along two different axes. The conditions ensuring an optimal field-free alternation of high alignments along both directions are derived.

Self-employment transitions and alternation in Finnish rural and urban labour markets

2008

.  This paper deals with the transitions and alternation between self-employment, paid-employment and non-employment in Finland in 1987–1999, paying special attention to differences in self-employment dynamics between areas characterized by different labour market conditions, viz. rural and urban locations. Markovian analysis reveals significant differences by the type of area in the processes of transition between the three labour market states. Alternation between self-employment and other labour markets states turns out to be greater in rural than urban areas. Five major types of alternating working careers are identified. The type of area is importantly related to alternating working ca…

Preface

2006

A quantitative survey of N Prep N constructions in Romance languages and prepositional variability

2018

The distinction between syntagmatic compounds of the type N Prep N, such as Fr. jouet d’enfant, and nominal syntagms of the type N Prep N, such as the partially equivalent Fr. jouet pour enfants, remains unclear and vague. This is mainly because the lexical and syntactic status of syntagmatic compounds still is controversial. In some cases, as in jouet d’enfant and jouet pour enfants, partial equivalent syntagmatic compounds and nominal syntagms may coexist and underlie a specific variation and alternation. In other cases, such as Pt. bracelete de aço and bracelete em aço, two variants of a syntagmatic compound may alternate and coexist. The first part of this paper provides an overview of …